George little



@nitro 'tartes @stent @Hilaryl .Lenen Parent N0.' so,293, dans :rely 28, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT 1Nl 'unserern-INSTRUMENTS. l

dlg: {Stlgtmlt :ciments-:in tiges: tettrrs @attic aah-matinee@ at snm. o

TOALL WHOMITMAY CONCERNe B'e it known that I, GEORGE LITTLE, of Hodson City, Bergen'county, and State of New Jersey, have inventedv n certain new and useful Improvements inflelegraphs; and that the following, taken in connection with the dra wings, is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

Sheet I, of the drawings,'represents all my improvements in the form in which I prefer to embody them,

v being drawings o f a working machine, full size, with the exception cf iig. 3, which is on a larger-scale..

.blo of being magnetized by induction, or one -or more. perrnauentma,a

. relation therctothat the coil, and these in combinatio'with'a regulating-tube.

u coil, and paper properlymovod, and these in combination vwith Lm Figure 1 is an elevation of the whole machine,

Figure 2 a partial `vertical transversn section, and

Fignre is a vertical section through a pen and an ink-reservoir on a large scale.

Sheet II exhibits some of the various plans which I have contemplated for the embodiment of my invention in different forms. The several figures in this-sheet will be specially' referred to hereafteri The general idea upon, which my invention is based is. the employment of a pen or marker, partially sustained or iioating'in iiuid, either the'ink itselfor some other duid; sn'cb penvconsisting of either a. body capadnets), ,and a marking-point', and being lation to a coilor coils; that the making and breaking of a voltaic or placed in a\telegraphic instrument in re will cause the pen to oscil electric 'circuit orcurrent .through the coils, orthe change of direction ofta circuit, late or vibrate, and make marks upon paper or .other material suitable for the purpose.

And vthe niitureot' rny invention con'sistsl- M First, in`.the combination cfa pen 'with iioats the pen. i I

Second, in the combination in such relationv thereto that the pen shall be influenced by volt'aic or' electric cnrrentspassing through the coil. Third, in the combination of a pen with a reservoir holding iluid, afcoil of wire, located as-before described,

and paper, actuated by p rper machinery,'and in such relation to the pen that the oscillations of the penmay make marks thereon.

Fourth, the combina ion of apen with a reservoir of iluid, and paper properly moved and held in such Sseillations or vibrationsV of the pen may make marks or signs upon the paper. Fifth, the combination of a pen with a. reservoir of liuid, and a oat, supporting or aiding to suppoitfthe Aweigh-t orf the pcn, and these in combination 'with a properly-located coil,and also with properly-locatedV paper. Sixth, in thccombinationof a'pen and n. rcservoirof iluid, having an aperture through which the markingpart -of vthe pen projects, with a regulating-tube, also in combination with paper properly located and moved. v

Seventh, iu the combination of apen with a. reservoir of iluid, and a permanent magnet supported insuch relatioxi to th'e pen as to induenee its position in the iluid, and these `in combination with a coil arranged4 so as to inilueuce the posi-tion of the pen, when currents ot". galvanism or electricity are passed through the coil.

Eighth, in the combination ofV a pen with a reservoir of duid, anda coil, when the pen is so arranged as to pass through an op'eningin thebottdm of the reservoir, an

a reservoir containing duid, when the duid oats or partially Ninth, in the combination ofa'pen with a reservoir of tluid, having an opening at the bottom thereof, and

with a magnet'arranged below the reservoir.

Tenthjin tle combinatiouof these elements', viz, a pen,

tion of the porn m.

All these combinations being andoperatiug substantially as heieinaftei set, forth, f

ot' a pen with a reservoir contaningiiaid, and a coil or coils ofvrire placed and these in Vcombination with a coil properly located, and

il the reservoir is vertical and surrounded by the a coil surrounding the reservoir, ,and a magnet arranged above the reservoir, and alsoof these in combination: a

about, a reservoir of duid, a regulating-tube, a Y achso arranged as 'to influence the posi-" Vneither do I intend to describe the operation of coils, through which electric or voltaic currents vchanged, or broken, in imparting motion, either tomagnets, or metal capable of-being' magnetized by induc- By the word pen throughout this description, I mcan an instrument capable ot making marks when oscillated, and composed of not only a marking-part, portion, or point, but alsoot' metal, capable of'being magnetized by induction, or a nfagnetor magnets, thefr'afetal or magnet ormagnets and the marking-part being so con. nected that when one moves,vtheother moves,'the two forming but a. single instrument, although'l intend sometimes to connect them by joints instead. of rigidly.

By coil, Imean any proper coil of wire, such as is usually .employed in telegrapho machinery orn apparatus And by' properly-moved paper, l mean paper caused Ato travel in' a straight olcurv'ed line, or in that 'of' the thread ot a screw, or moved tc and fro in anymanner known to telegrap'hers, so long as it be so moved as Ithat a pen which oscillates shall make marks-thereon, owing to the combined move ment ofthe pen and paper.

In my working-rnachine, I haveemployed the ordinary Morse machinery for' movingthe paper, and I deem it unnecessary to describe any batteries, or lline-wires, or cables, or instruments formaking or breaking circuit, or switches, or `pole-ehangers, as 'such in various forms are well known, and form' no part ot`-my invention;

are' passed,

tion, the effects of a. coil, in conncction with a battery, to move certain bodies, being well known. In the machine which I prefer, lrepresented upon Sheetl', the pa-pe1',`a,`is drawn by-proper self-acting machinery from a rolle-r. 4c, upon which it has been wound, and passes over a table orsunport, l1, immediately under thepen. y

The reservoir containing the [luid and the pen' thereimdsfsupported above this table, upon legs or standards,

d d. The standards carry afemalo screw,d1, into which-is screwed a circular b ox, al", containing'a coil,' e. On This coil I prefer to make .top of the coil'is an insnlatingplate,;`f, and abovethi s, .the cc'rvexf'othtlie` coil-box f. of Nod() silk-covered copper wire, with acentral openlngio'abo't.halfen inch in diameter. v

female screw, ahd the supports Z- d, as also lthe-fiable,are-.all made of-metal, and the framing which supports the wheel-work-and table is also4 metallic, la wire. inv connec'tibn with theffralixing will be 'in Vconnection withoneend ofthe coil. 4 A' IThe other end-of lthe wire is secured.: to vthe eovcrfof tl1ecoil.-box, insulated as vbefore described, from the box, and this cover is' pressednpen' a'exibl'e' piece of metal, tta'cbed to.a rod, g. .Tliis rod, whereit passes through the table o, is enclosed in fammi-conducting tube, and is.` held vby a'fset-scrcw, q infa socket,

lIjOne end ofV thewirecomposing the helix or coilis secured to the-hbox itself, and as the latter andv theprojeotingfrom a standard, g2, secured tou-.thev4 nonconductingbedQplate of,-tlie\`mac hine.' This standard lis to becounectedwith the ground, and there willl eonsequen'tlybe a connection between, the ground or earth and that end ofthe coilwhich is attached to the chater ofth'e c oilfbox` I In theeirculnr opening through the c oilis situatedapartofthefeservoir. 1,.

screwed together, to facilitate cl eaning, and theintroduc'tion and'removn-l ofltheipemhnt its precise form is unim'- portant. It has-n small openingat tho'bottom, through. which the. fmarkingfpart ofthepen passes, and another.

opening at one' side, fit1, .through which lits cavity connects withfthebore of theregulating-tube, I prefer-also to de1: ress f the` top of the reservoinfas shown at L2,.f`orI a purpose hercafterdescribed. The reservoir is sup'- l ported partly byjresting upon thecol; partlybya catch,y", .forme djon top'of the rod g. y

, The coil, and consequertly-the reservoir nndper, can beadjnsted with'reference to the paper by turning the-coihbon, the loirer'pai't of -whi'ch basa screwtak-inginto 'the'f'emale screw (Z1, and byraisin'g or lowering the rod-g, which is held in place at .the desired elevation by the screw g. l

The regulating-tube /c, made preference in A theshnpe'shewn in the drawinjgs, is connected to the reservoir, and extends ,dbwn about its low as the .bottom thereof.- It is open at.the bottom', and I prefer topap the bottom with acistern, k, simply slipped in'toa collar, 7a2, which may be slid up and down upon the tube. All thejoints between the open A'bottom of the, tube. and the open bottom ol" the reservoir should be air-tighter n enrlyso."

The pen that I prefer has a-loat attacbed,la`n dis composed of a marking-part and two permanent magnets, withhlike poles .opposed -to each ptber., `This p en consists ofa hollow bulb and tube-of glass. Into the tube are introducedthe tw o magnets, separated bya glass thread or rod, and lthe glass of the tubo isdrnwn to a 'telen-ably finepoint, witha small 4opening extendingrom the .extremity up nearly to the lowerpole of the lower .mngn et,. \vher ethe opening isl closed, either by a wad or by closing the bore. Another small hole leads from the peripheryvof thefglassinto the hole that entends to the point, and 'a small fibre, of cotton, silk, or

other similamateriah, is passed'from .the point through both these-holes, extending, therefore, from the point up inside"tne"gnss;fna fnnpein\ \-a r 1 s ,otpe-periphery lithog-laagst a shortdistance-shovel@.point The markingfportion of" thepen maybenpiagle separzite, and cemented to the lower part of'the t'ube containing the magnets;

In the drawings,' the bulb is sbo'wn.at m, the tube at ml, the magnetsat n n, the point of the pen at nf, the

thread or libre at n3, v v j Iprefe'r to make the oatand Ipen of about the size andsbapeshownin the drawings, with magnets weighs ing about veand a. half grains .,each, andwhen 'so-made tbe'llaat and pen will weigh about fteemgrains, and

' be of a littlegren'tor-specilic grarity than water :ft-76 Fahrenhei-but the pen and dont muy be ofother s'z'es, forms, weight,` andes'pecie gravity,-and my be, s a'whole, lighter than wnter. 'i .I prefer 'tomake tlnitparty ofthe'penwhich projects through 'thebottom of thereservoir lit tlernblyclose tothe' aperture, se astyaveid-es'capeof iluihfto f 1- ll'the 4reservoir with-nkeompos'ed'of f our drachms of soluble blhejtoquart;nfrain-ondistilled watr, tolreepltho 'romain whl61 1 tl xe wholenontrivanceis worked stat TheA reservoir shown inthe drawings i`s cylindrical, with `msphericnlv top, made'by prefereixceotf vulcznitejor hard rnbber,.pnd 'in pieces.

t lteflerahly even temperature; bn-tlint'end to use other 4in'ksia'ndother .kinds of pens-and floats, and pens'with- .ont iloa-ts., and other kinds of lnarlers. or-ma'rhing-points, such, for instance, as the pointl composed of? twisted cerrngatiens, svelljkno'wn `to maker-sof glass pens. n l

l The deprcssion, Il?, serves 'as a stop, limiting, if necessary, the upward motion of' the pen, and its down- `ssarl notion Lis limited by `the paper. l y n I y'.lghe use of the regulating-tube is 'to balance,'or neariy so, Ahy means of the `eolnn'm of ini: contained therein,

duid-pressure of the inl: in the reservoir, .te prevent it from 'escaping at the bottom opening thereof, except as cnriedout'hyl the `fpen; and if the cistern he used and partially vfilled, the effectivel length of the column of iid inthe tube can "be Attdginstredlly slipping the eister'n np and rdown,vnnd the non of ink can thereby be regu- 4 ed `with great ninety, but I nd inl-practice that itsuices to'llxthetube at the-.stsrt, `to use no cistern, and han the rink hasr'isen fin `,the tubea'quartsr er half fan-inch, onthereahcuti, owing to-itp owlthreugh the pen,

tintje necessary-iis@ invert'thefreservor sndpenr in fa littlerniteink..A

hlille :amount of vinl: greed is very' sinall, vund am efectivlelevel atf th' bottomlof the* ti.\"be, aLqnarterVof-an 4' :above the bottom of the. reservoir, furnishes Vsnicient" printout-'o to'linsureagoed supply Ate-'the pen. t To ythose accustomodto work-telegraphic instruments, -it will-bc clear fromnthis description that nutrirej can v "hemsdc upon 4pit-pet' pnssinftolver the table by changingv'the direction of 'curp-ents through the coil, er by'altermately makingy and lir'eakinggcurrents through the coil, in any-proper 1way, or byan operator located at any Pieper-distance fronrthe call, the ink .always being lpresent at. the point aanraking-part of the pen,fn.nd being.

@transferred therefrom -to the paper when the' point strikes errests upon the paper, and the length'of the marina;V and `the intervals between them are to bexgoverned inthe nsnhl manner. y A ,When-facsimilewriting is desired, the motions of .the paper and the breakngfmaking, or reversal 'of l circuit .or 'currents through the coil, `are to be `performed in.a`mannr well vknown previous to my invention. I

I intcndlat times to' dispense, with the regulating-tube, and to regulate the o' of ink, in all forms of the apparatus, b`v.astopcock or valve, applied near the top of the reservoir, and seconstru'ctedwhat it may be vnicely adjusted to p e'rtnit the entrance yof a min-nte quanttyof air. A small aperture in the top of the reser- 4Meir, with a conicalpin dropped linto it, and controlled' in position bye. screw, forms a goed valve, and this :plan `hns been essayed successfully, but I prefer ,theregnlating-t11l:e.A Asl a :means of controlling thevihrations of the pen, 'and' additional to that secured by the adjustment of the :reser'yoirnp and down, or `towards and away from'the paper, I propose tov employ, and have in practice Y employed, one or more permanent magnets setin such relation to the penas either `to tend to draw it towards 'or an'ny from vthe paper., and by 'making auch magnets adjustable in their dietancefrom the pen, theiretect :upon the. -pen may be .increased or diminished. This menne of controlling the vibrations is highly usefull, when, Vewnto kleak-age'c'amzlrrent or-.othcr causes, .the e'ective force of t he coil diminishes orincrenses.

n ig. 1, twoimagnets are shown, one, o, a screwfshaped magnegmounted' in afemsle-screrr cap, in such' manner? that the lmagnet-,cnn he'made to yenter the depression in the top of the 'reservoir to a greater or less extent, lierebybeing located nearer lteer farther from the jpen. The other magnet, has a rack formed upon` "it, is slipped into `a `socket in the standard g, and can be Amoved -up and do'nlpy the'pinion' with a` milled head, This `magnet vwill be elightlyaffectcd by the cnrrentsvpas'sing through .thestandard, bntthis maybe avoided, if desired,",by insulating it, or `hy makng'the connection in somo other way. lts end nearest the pen kenters `the :bottom of the table, `and is surrounded by an insulating-tube, g, iig. 2. Thess lmagnets may he `mounted :and-adjusted in nnyother proper `or suitable manner.

f Underthesupposition that the pen .and Hoot -:rr-etno heavy *,forfesctive nerkftrhen comparedwith the A power of the coil, then the upper magnet, if: set with its poles auch position'thst it attracts the'pen, -is to he approacued to the pen. If the contrary he the case, and the pen and dont as a-wholeare too buoyant, thenthe 'y 'dover magnet is to be Abrought nca-rer. As these magnets, like all others,` act with diminished intensity in a,- certain ,ratio to'th'eir distance from the ohject acted upon, their employment, even when non'adjnstsble, gives a certainl sharpness and precision 'to the stopping and starting of the pentccelerat'ng its velocity at the ends l of.- the' stroke. Other advantages arising from'the employment of these magnets 'will at once suggesttl'rein-4 `selves to the experienced telegraphic operator.

',On Sheet II, I have indicated by drawings, in section, some of the-other forms in'vrhieh my invention n'ay he embodied, the figures on this sheet being applied to the sume parts as inthe former gures. i f

In deignrc 4, l,the ,pen is shown without .a ilo'at, the -two"magnets 'n n being 'attached together by a brass or mon-magnetic connection, land the reservoir, Ste.; being as in iig. 1,7 Sheet I. When the magnetism employed rin connectionl with the marker, and without any distinct or separate dont, I' at4 times -intendto mskezthem hollow, forming thempfgismal-lstecl' tubes, plugged up at the ends or idrawn to a point, and Welded nphthere, or otherwise yhallowedlont@ as to be oit' less specific gravity as a whole than if they were solid. m

In Figurfdtghe-pn and float areeimilail to that in tig. 1, Shett I, but so constructed as to werk f the reservoir, Aupon paper' located abois the pen. The regulating-tube is moreevja';

hun opening `the',tep ol l y 4 inverted, and' is,':ini`act, but little more than `a mere ink-reservoir; it may be-closed Vso that 1t and the reser voir -hcconic a siphon or-baromctri'c inkstand, or lit may have a small aperturefor air at top, as shown ifrth; drawings,` 4 In Figure 6, the `pen ipointtt v Thcrcoerroir-in this''gure has the aperture'h capped air-tight, aninlifreserveir and a'duct, through which ink may h'eponrcd.

, l Z. has a iloat, and is siphon-ponted, lthe paper to lie-written yon being located below th.

In Figure 7, also, the pen-has aktioat, hat 4i use regulating-tube with this form of appai'atus,"hut,theopening h may ei `olllall holei'or the 'admissil irrql air, with orkwithoutla valve. t

and the-short tn'beserves merely as this case litis horizontal, and thecoilfis'diiid'edl '.l prefer tof?- ther 'be capppd airtight or hasten In Figure 8, the pen has 'a oat, and is composed of a magnet or magnets, and twoAmarking-points, acting on two strips orjs'liects of paper. This plan h'as.its advantages in insuringa correct record of the dispatch. lt". all 'Orhscorreetly, thc/'two lines of writing'will be conixterpartsA of cach other, that' is to say, tlie marlis en the onewill correspond with the spaces en the other, when the Morse alphabet' is employed. On one strip, the, spaces, and on the' other, the marks,'will oe read; 'and itis-hardly possible that' the whole dispatch', under any imperfections vof working arising from atmospheric or other causes, cannot be made :o'utfom a lconriparison and l collation of both the rcccrds, v l I v I l y l Y In Figure' 9,'a plan for Working the pen in a reservoir of fluid, which is not ink, is'representcd, the ink being 'contained in a. separate reservoir.' The marking-point ef the penhas' 4a'holc thro`gh 'it, fom bottointo' top, or may have the-samer'construction' as the other' points', or be oi`a.ny proper construction, as maybe all the other points, as before stated, 'but 'I prefer a hole extending through the poi'nt,`or a'de'ep gro'ovein the' point, witha. fibre' or thread enclosed.v 'In this-'form of 'the contrivance, the luidlilling the reservoir-may be" v` water orsprt's', and-ignite level'ivill` be ae'ctedbyeyaporation only,ithe plan presents sii -ndvarijt'ag'es, but, "as befor'efstated, the'form'nhich has. Iacted the best-fin practice, is 'that shown on and des lilo-ed' byireiere'nce tn gs.v1,2,`andf3. l 'v l 5 Y .In all forniscf my; apparia-tus,vign-'ill beivwell to use sonic form ofieon'trivance for ymakingafcall, bi1-tif:` preferito 'se simplya,magnfyingflensor. mirror, .or amirror and lens for instance, a magnifying-lens,`. either simple or compound may'be'ln'ionnted-witliV the -pen`-poiht in its focus, or the lens maybe adjnsted'so as to magnify the reflectionefthe peri-pointinya miror,5or a convex mirror may be applied to reflect the penpon't i to the eyev of thenat'cli'cl-,t'heapparatus servnginfal-l vcases to magnify the'minute vibra-tions ofthe pen .\"`f; :Iprefer, Whenever tho penis submerged. infinl'r,v that the ink shall bc vwithout any gum, size, or, sugar, v.a'ltnivjfthntj does'not grow thick orjscidby evapration,ifor ,thei reason that ink vwhich becomes :thicker timmy-interferes yvith -theaction of the pentiti passing through the opening inthorescrvoir.

VAI have contemplated other forlnslof'mjr apparatus, but do not deem it necessary to describe'theni all, sui.Y ei'enthavingubeen done 4in that l'ineto 's'hoivforth 'clearly the nature', character, and scope of my invention, as also the `best Way known tome of reducing the same to practice; but I desire to reiterate what-has -beforebeew when immersedv in uid other than ink, may obtain a. supply of ink by various arrangements:offj/inkweservoir, ndlthat nayinvention is not based on any special device for moving paper, or any special kind-ol' motionpf v the paper; nor `does `my invention depend upon the employment of-any special kim'lof' pires, cables, circuit- -makers and breakers, commutatoryas they.are sometimes called, or any special apparatus for changing' the direction cfa. circuit, sometimes called pole-changers'. l v f v i My'invention resides in the pen, oat, reservoir,regulating-tube, and control-lingmagnets, and,thei r f combination-with each other andthe coil, and with some known or appropriate mnchineryfforcausing paper to move iii-such relatonto a pen-'as to have marks made thereon by vibrations of a pen such as I have invented.; i I claim as of my own nventionl l i v1: Thevcombinatin of`aI pcn`with a' reservoir. 2. The combination o'fa pen, reservoir, and coi-l. 5 v 3. The combination cfa pen, reservoir, and coil,v with paper properly actuated. 4. The 'combinntio'nofapen, reservoir, and properly-moved paper. 1 I. u 5. The combination of a pen, float,and reservoir, and all of these in combination with a coil,and all of these also in combination with properly-actuated paper.` L ly 1 y 6. The combination of' a peu anda-reservoir, having an opening therein forthe'protrusion of the pen, )rith a regulating-tube, and all of these in combination,rst, with n float, second, lwith n coilend third, with.- properly-actated paper. y i. 7. The combination of :i pen with'a reservoir of il-uid/and apermanentV magnet properlyglocated, and all of these in combination, irst, with aiioat, and second, with a coil, and /tliirdly,i witl1.both a coil: and Heat.

8. llxe combination of'A a pen,"a'rescr'voir, and a coi'lyfwhenv the reservoi v`isv' ctica.l,..and provided Withan opening at the bottom thereof,:and the pen `-passes :through the opepinygmd:theacoilisns-rounds-the'verticel-A reservoir, and these parts thus relatively arrangedinfcombination nithfnregulatingrtnbee The combination damen, a vertical reservoiA- penat-bottom, oilysnrroundieng: themeservoin unda? f permanent magnet, locatedl nbo've the reservoir, and all these parts thus lativclylarnangedrin combination vwith a permanent.nieguen` lcaftcd below the reservoir and Tpen. I V

10. The combination Vof4 the following' parts, viz, n pen; a-lileaafreservoir of l'luirl, regulating-tubes coil, and paper properly'actuated, and thesein combination with a permanentmagnet', solocated.'as tojnuQ" .ence the pen, all these combinations, and` the parts o'rvr elements mak' gap the combinfntionmbeing substan.. t'ially such's herein spc-cified'and set forth. -I fr: g" l w.. i 

